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The notion of working memory has only fairly recently begun to play a more prominent role in L2 research. Working memory refers to ‘the system or mechanism underlying the maintenance of task-relevant information during the performance of a cognitive task’ (Shah & Miyake Cheap Wholesale NHL Jerseys , 1999, p. 1). In other words, working memory allows for the temporary storage and manipulation of information which is being used during online cognitive operations, such as language comprehension Cheap NHL Jerseys Online , learning, and reasoning (Baddeley, 2000). Researchers agree that working memory is limited in capacity; moreover, individuals differ in the maximum amount of activation available to them Cheap NHL Jerseys From China , i.e. individuals differ in terms of their working memory resources (Just & Carpenter, 1992; Miyake & Friedman, 1998).


In some empirical research, working memory for language has been conceptualised as phonological loop capacity and operationalised by means of digit span or non-word repetition tests (e.g. Ellis & Sinclair Cheap NHL Jerseys China , 1996). Alternatively, it has been conceptualised as involving simultaneous storage and processing of information and operationalised by means of reading or listening span tests (e.g. Harrington & Sawyer, 1992). Individual learner differences in working memory for language appear to influence L2 development more generally (Erlam, 2005) and the acquisition of vocabulary and multiword units in particular (Ellis & Sinclair Cheap NHL Jerseys , 1996; Gathercole & Thorn, 1998). Crucial to the study presented here, some researchers have further suggested that working memory can be regarded as a component of language-learning aptitude (McLaughlin, 1995; Robinson Cheap Jerseys China Online , 2005; Sawyer & Ranta, 2001), with aptitude and working memory apparently affecting L2 learning in combination.


In view of these arguments, it is plausible to hypothesise a relationship not only between working memory for language and language-learning aptitude Cheap Jerseys China Wholesale , but also between working memory and metalinguistic knowledge. Importantly, working memory is metaphorically speaking the locus of conscious processing (Baddeley, 2000; Baddeley & Logie, 1999). If metalinguistic knowledge can be brought into conscious awareness and articulated Cheap Authentic Jerseys , an individual’s level of metalinguistic knowledge and their ability to put this knowledge to use can be expected to depend on their working memory resources.
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